Upgrading MySQL is pretty straight forward, however there are some catches. Per MySQL’s official documentation, you must upgrade from 5.1 to 5.5, then upgrade from 5.5 to 5.6, and finally again from 5.6 to 5.7. You cannot upgrade from 5.1 directly to 5.7.
This guide will outline how to upgrade MySQL 5.1 to MySQL 5.7 in sequence and will assume you are using the IUS repositories for MySQL. If the IUS repositories are not already setup, you can install them by:
# CentOS 6
[[email protected] ~]# yum install epel-release
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh https://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/CentOS/6/x86_64/ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos6.noarch.rpm
# CentOS 7
[[email protected] ~]# yum install epel-release
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh https://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/CentOS/7/x86_64/ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch.rpm
Upgrade from MySQL 5.1 to MySQL 5.5
Create a restore point. This will be backing up the databases, the my.cnf, as well as a user and database listing. This can be done by:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S mysqldump
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;' > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.databases
[[email protected] ~]# mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "select concat('\'',User,'\'@\'',Host,'\'') as User from mysql.user;" | sort | while read u; do echo "-- $u"; mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "show grants for $u" | sed 's/$/;/'; done > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.grants
[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.cnf.orig
[[email protected] ~]# yum install xz
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump --routines --all-databases | xz > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.dump.sql.xz
Now stop MySQL and upgrade it to MySQL 5.5:
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop
[[email protected] ~]# yum --disableexcludes=all shell
remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs
install mysql55 mysql55-server mysql55-libs mysqlclient16
ts solve
ts run
exit
Generate a version of the my.cnf that is valid for MySQL 5.5. Some options get deprecated or changed between versions, so it is important that this is not skipped. To help with this, we’ll be using dbsake as shown below:
[[email protected] ~]# wget -O /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake http://get.dbsake.net; chmod u+x /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake
[[email protected] ~]# /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake upgrade-mycnf --config /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.cnf.orig --target 5.5 > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.5.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql-5.5.cnf.orig
[[email protected] ~]# mv -f /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.5.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Start MySQL without the grant tables to verify it is running MySQL 5.5 and all the databases loaded:
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/\[mysqld\]/[mysqld]\nskip-grant-tables\nskip-networking/' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -sse "select @@version"
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "show databases;" > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.5.databases
[[email protected] ~]# diff -U0 /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.databases /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.5.databases
Now update the database schema. If mysql_upgrade says that a table needs to repaired, repair it with mysqlcheck -A before moving on:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql_upgrade
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/\(skip-grant-tables\|skip-networking\)/d' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
Finally, confirm MySQL is running version 5.5:
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin version
Upgrade from MySQL 5.5 to MySQL 5.6
Create a restore point. This will be backing up the databases, the my.cnf, as well as a user and database listing. This can be done by:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S mysqldump
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;' > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.databases
[[email protected] ~]# mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "select concat('\'',User,'\'@\'',Host,'\'') as User from mysql.user;" | sort | while read u; do echo "-- $u"; mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "show grants for $u" | sed 's/$/;/'; done > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.grants
[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.cnf.orig
[[email protected] ~]# yum install xz
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump --routines --all-databases | xz > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.dump.sql.xz
Now stop MySQL and upgrade it to MySQL 5.6:
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop
[[email protected] ~]# yum --disableexcludes=all shell
remove mysql55 mysql55-server mysql55-libs
install mysql56u mysql56u-server mysql56u-libs mysqlclient16
ts solve
ts run
exit
Generate a version of the my.cnf that is valid for MySQL 5.6. Some options get deprecated or changed between versions, so it is important that this is not skipped. To help with this, we’ll be using dbsake as shown below:
[[email protected] ~]# wget -O /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake http://get.dbsake.net; chmod u+x /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake
[[email protected] ~]# /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake upgrade-mycnf --config /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.cnf.orig --target 5.6 > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.6.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# mv -f /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.6.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Start MySQL without the grant tables to verify it is running MySQL 5.6 and all the databases loaded:
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/\[mysqld\]/[mysqld]\nskip-grant-tables\nskip-networking/' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -sse "select @@version"
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "show databases;" > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.6.databases
[[email protected] ~]# diff -U0 /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.5.databases /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql55/mysql-5.6.databases
Now update the database schema. If mysql_upgrade says that a table needs to repaired, repair it with mysqlcheck -A before moving on:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql_upgrade
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/\(skip-grant-tables\|skip-networking\)/d' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
Finally, confirm MySQL is running version 5.6:
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin version
Upgrade from MySQL 5.6 to MySQL 5.7
Create a restore point. This will be backing up the databases, the my.cnf, as well as a user and database listing. This can be done by:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S mysqldump
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;' > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.databases
[[email protected] ~]# mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "select concat('\'',User,'\'@\'',Host,'\'') as User from mysql.user;" | sort | while read u; do echo "-- $u"; mysql --silent --skip-column-names --execute "show grants for $u" | sed 's/$/;/'; done > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.grants
[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.cnf.orig
[[email protected] ~]# yum install xz
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump --routines --all-databases | xz > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.dump.sql.xz
Now stop MySQL and upgrade to MySQL 5.7:
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop
[[email protected] ~]# yum --disableexcludes=all shell
remove mysql56u mysql56u-server mysql56u-libs mysql56u-common
install mysql57u mysql57u-server mysql57u-libs mysqlclient16
ts solve
ts run
exit
Generate a version of the my.cnf that is valid for MySQL 5.7. Some options get deprecated or changed between versions, so it is important that this is not skipped. To help with this, we’ll be using dbsake as shown below:
[[email protected] ~]# wget -O /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake http://get.dbsake.net; chmod u+x /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake
[[email protected] ~]# /root/mysqlupgrade/dbsake upgrade-mycnf --config /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.cnf.orig --target 5.7 > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.7.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# mv -f /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql-5.7.cnf /etc/my.cnf
Start MySQL without the grant tables to verify it is running MySQL 5.6 and all the databases loaded:
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i 's/\[mysqld\]/[mysqld]\nskip-grant-tables\nskip-networking/' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -sse "select @@version"
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -e "show databases;" > /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.7.databases
[[email protected] ~]# diff -U0 /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.6.databases /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql56/mysql-5.7.databases
If MySQL fails to start, check the logs as it may be due to MySQL looking for a /var/lib/mysqltmp directory. You can verify and correct it by:
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep ERROR
[ERROR] InnoDB: Unable to create temporary file; errno: 2
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf |grep tmpdir
tmpdir = /var/lib/mysqltmp
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysqltmp
[[email protected] ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysqltmp
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
Now update the database schema. If mysql_upgrade says that a table needs to repaired, repair it with mysqlcheck -A before moving on:
[[email protected] ~]# mysql_upgrade
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i '/\(skip-grant-tables\|skip-networking\)/d' /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
Finally, confirm MySQL is running version 5.7:
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin version
Rollback plan
What happens if you need to roll back? If you followed the instructions in this article to create the backups, restoration is simple. Just keep in mind that you also need to restore the databases themselves from the original backups. So anything that changed in the database since the upgrade will be lost. If this is not acceptable, do not use these rollback instructions!
It is going to be assumed that you are going to roll all the way back from MySQL 5.7 to MySQL 5.1. Simply adjust the instructions below accordingly if you are going to roll back to a different version.
Stop MySQL and rollback to MySQL 5.1 by:
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld stop
[[email protected] ~]# yum --disableexcludes=all shell
remove mysql*
install mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysqlclient16
ts solve
ts run
exit
Restore the original /etc/my.cnf by:
[[email protected] ~]# cp /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.cnf.orig /etc/my.cnf
Startup MySQL and restore the 5.1-formatted databases:
[[email protected] ~]# mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql.bak
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# mysql_secure_installation
[[email protected] ~]# unxz -c /root/mysqlupgrade/mysql51/mysql-5.1.dump.sql.xz | mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart
[[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin version